Light more precisely, visible light is the type of electromagnetic radiation that is detectable by the human eye. The answer to each of these questions will be found by all of you in the ellen physics model solution. Many people are afraid of physics because it relies heavily on mathematics, but dont let this deter you. Newton rejected the wave theory for good reason, but assumed the waves would be longitudinal like sound. Pdf bt 201 engineering physics first year notes unit. A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space. Light waves notes saratoga springs city school district. Frequency the number of waves that pass a single point per second. Rough surfaces scatter the light in all directions, so they.
The wavelength of a wave is the distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave. Polarization of light wave optics, class 12, physics. Give a brief account of huygens wave theory of light. Traveling waves appear only after a thorough exploration of onedimensional standing waves. A light wave bends towards regularity when the lights speed is lesser than that of the second medium in refraction. However, when thomas young performed his famous interference experiment in 1801, it was firmly established that light is indeed a wave phenomenon. A wave is the disturbance produce in the medium from an equilibrium condition which travels with the finite velocity in the region of space.
Lecture 30 electromagnetic waves lecture 31 physics of light lecture 32 interaction of light with matter. Electromagnetic waves light, radio waves, and x rays are examples of. Wavelengths in the range of 400700 nm are normally thought of as light. Wave energy wave energy may be produced by vibrating objects or particles i. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics free pdf download in 1678 a dutch physicist introduced the concept of the wave theory of light. It is simpler to visualize a wave by drawing the wave fronts, which are usually taken to be the crests of the wave. Wave equation in 2d and 3d, timeindependent fourier analysis pdf. Handwritten wave optics notes and important topics for. Wave optics 8 lectures huygens principle, superposition of waves and interference of light by wave front splitting and amplitude splitting. A light wave is an electromagnetic wave which travels through the vacuum of outer space. The unit oscillations and waves has got 100 periods.
The best physics o level notes o and a level notes. O level physics revision notes archives teachifyme. Light waves are assumed to be transverse whose speed in a hypothetical medium is given by v e. Electromagnetic radiation especially light electromagnetic energy characteristics. Wave and motion grade 12 physics notes khullakitab. The source of any wave is vibration waves transfer energy from one point to another. From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward.
When a wave travels between two points, no matter actually travels with it. In case of polarized wave the vibrations takes place in one plane not in multiple planes and it is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. In this equation, v is the symbol for wave speed and f is the. Waves transfer energy between points, without transferring matter.
The wave motion is a means of transferring energy from one point to another without there being any transfer of matter or substance between these points. A changing electric field produces a changing magnetic field which in turn produces a changing electric field and so on. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. Electronicssemiconductortheory allen physics download pdf.
This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 14958 times. December 22, 2015 igcse physics revision notes, o level physics revision notes 0 wave. The electromagnetic spectrum cie igcse physics revision. Generally you should expect fields to have three vector components, e. Polarized wave is defined as the vibration of the wave confined to specific plane. Pdf download pradeep kshetrapal notes for class 11 and. Wave theory of light history, huygens propostions and more. Reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction therefore light waves must have all these properties. On this page we will describe some of the wave behaviors of light. For light electromagnetic waves the vectors are the electric and magnetic fields, and the light s polarization direction is by convention along the direction of the electric field. Please remember that these notes cover only some things that you should know and are not meant to. Detailed notes section 03 waves aqa physics alevel.
Light, as with all matter, can be described either as a wave or as a particle a photon. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which may or may not displace particles of the medium. Youngs double slit experiment, newtons rings, michelson interferometer, machzehnder interferometer. In transverse waves the vibration of the particles is at right angles to the direction of energy transport. H ence light is also called as optics and study of vision is called ophthalmology and eye specialists known as ophthalmologist. Electromagnetic waves are ultimately produced by an accelerating charge. These two parts of the spectrum share a lot of similarities and uses. Lecture 30 electromagnetic waves lecture 31 physics of light lecture 32 interaction of light with matter lecture 33 interference and diffraction lecture 34 the particle nature of light lecture 35 geometrical optics lecture 36 heat i lecture 37 heat ii lecture 38 heat iii. Does the speed of light depend on the motion of the light. Cbse class 10 science chapter 10 light reflection and. Physics igcse 2012 exam revision notes by samuel lees and adrian guillot 1. Physics is the scientific study of matter and energy and how they interact with each other. Maxwells electromagnetic wave theory i light waves are electromagnetic waves which do not require a material medium for their propagation.
Based on the wave theory, poisson, aragoand fresnel predicted that there should be a bright spot at the center of a circular shadow. The wavelength of visible light was measured and found to be extremely small. A century later it was postulated that light could be a transverse wave. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. Based on the wave theory, poisson, aragoand fresnel predicted that there should be a. Page 1 of 27 notes physics wave nature of light page 2 of 27 what. Each slit acts like a pointsource by huygens principle. Christiaan huygens, thomas young, augustin jean fresnel, franaois arago created date. Although alice move with speed v relative to bob, she notes the. Wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. This theory is called huygens wave theory of light.
A linear source of light such as a slit illuminated by a lamp, will give rise to cylindrical wavefront fig c. The double slit experiment types of waves waves phy 21900 waveslight sound j. This model explained the causes of reflection and refraction. Energy can be transferred from one point to another in two different ways. In kinematics forces causing motion are disregarded while dynamics deals with motion of objects and the forces causing them.
The linear wave equation applies in general to various types of waves. Click the button below to download the full physics form 3 notes pdf document, with all the topics. Waves and wave properties presentation pdf teachengineering. Class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics notes pdf download. Oscillations 15 periods simple harmonic motion physical quantities related to. Oct 16, 2017 physics notes for competitive exams optics. Please note that electromagnetic waves are not mechanical waves and do not require a medium to travel through. Pause simulation and select light source from right side of screen and check boxes for graph and screen. Physics notes form 3 10 this category contains physics form 3 notes as aggregated from the various high school approved text books, including klb,etc. It covers the entire physics form 3 syllabus, for the preparation of national and local exams. Download pradeep kshetrapal sir physics notes in pdf. A wave is a phenomenon, in which energy is transferred through vibrations. The sensation of vision is stimulated through optic nerve. Light, reflection, and color characteristics of light light is an electromagnetic wave.
It comes from the greek word polos, for the axis of a spinning globe. The electromagnetic spectrum cie igcse physics revision notes. Here, in the article we discuss various theories on the nature of light proposed by great thinkers and scientists. A point source of light in an isotropic medium at infinite distance will give rise to plane wavefront fig. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics. Boundary conditions applied to pulses and waves pdf lecture 9. In 1678, dutch physicist christian huygens proposed a theory to explain the wave nature of light. I hope to emphasize that the physics of standing waves is the same. As shown below, an electromagnetic waveis a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Lecture notes physics iii physics mit opencourseware. Light is a form of energy emitted by set of luminous body and travels along the straight line. A real image is one which can be produced on a screen and is formed by rays that actually pass through the lens or refracting material. Apr 08, 2018 the best physics o level notes compiled from all around the world at one place for your ease so you can prepare for your tests and examinations with the satisfaction that you have the best resources available to you. Diffraction huygens principle huygens principle 1 each point on a wave front is the source of a spherical wavelet that spreads out at the wave speed.
Most physics concepts are expressed equally well in plain english and in equations. Spreading out of light rays in all directions, because particles reflect and absorb the. Physics 352 and it was felt that a wave would always require a medium to propagate from one point to the other. Apr 05, 2021 polarization of light wave optics, class 12, physics edurev notes is made by best teachers of class 12. Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. Page of 4 27 wave properties for a transverse wave. Principlesofcommunicationsystem allen physics download pdf. This phenomenon is called constructive interference 4 whenever the path difference between the two waves is an integral multiple of wavelength, then the.
Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. The points on the wave simply vibrate back and forth about fixed positions. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 10 wave optics wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. A point source of light at a finite distance in an isotropic medium emits a spherical wave front fig a. Physics is a quantitative science that uses experimentation and measurement to advance our understanding of the world around us. Doubleslit interference l02 intensity in doubleslit interference. For light electromagnetic waves the vectors are the electric and magnetic fields, and the light s polarization direction is by. Lecture 19 physics of sound lecture 20 wave motion lecture 21 gravitation lecture 22 electrostatics i. The wave equation, solutions to the wave equation lecture 8. Physics notes form 3 free download kcse revision notes pdf. Electromagnetic waves theory allen physics download pdf. High school tutorial class notes optics page 1 theory of propagation of light energy. Class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics notes pdf download wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. Laws of reflection and refraction by huygens principle.
68 1519 901 1732 198 357 666 285 464 1633 1700 1109 1210 944 1622 267 119 1294 606 1735 1555 246 876 770 1104 1557 1597 265 1510 1112 512 1473 1734 1512 519 899 773